"dukkha" meaning in All languages combined

See dukkha on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈdʊkə/ Forms: dukkhas [plural]
Etymology: Transliteration of Pali dukkha. Etymology templates: {{translit|en|pi|dukkha}} Transliteration of Pali dukkha Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} dukkha (countable and uncountable, plural dukkhas)
  1. (Buddhism) The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence. Wikipedia link: dukkha Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Buddhism Translations (suffering): দুঃখ (dukkho) (Bengali), ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.) (Burmese), (kǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), tyydyttämättömyys (Finnish), dukkha (Finnish), dukkha [masculine] (French), दुःख (duḥkh) [masculine] (Hindi), (ku) (alt: ) (Japanese), ទុក្ខ (tuk) (Khmer), (go) (alt: ) (Korean), ທຸກ (thuk) (Lao), duka (Malay), दुःख (duḥkha) (Marathi), зовлон (zovlon) (Mongolian), dukkha [neuter] (Pali), ду́ккха (dúkkxa) [feminine] (Russian), ду́хкха (dúxkxa) [feminine] (Russian), दुःख (duḥkha) [neuter] (Sanskrit), တုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (tṵ̂k khâ̰a) (Shan), දුක්ඛ (dukkha) (Sinhalese), ทุกข์ (túk) (Thai), སྡུག་བསྔལ (sdug bsngal) (Tibetan), khổ (alt: ) (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-dukkha-en-noun-b4W46yDe Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Topics: Buddhism, lifestyle, religion

Noun [Pali]

Etymology: From Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha). Etymology templates: {{der|pi|sa|दुःख}} Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha) Head templates: {{pi-noun|n}} dukkha n Inflection templates: {{pi-decl-noun|g=n}} Forms: neuter [table-tags], dukkhaṃ [nominative, singular], dukkhāni [nominative, plural], dukkhaṃ [accusative, singular], dukkhāni [accusative, plural], dukkhena [instrumental, singular], dukkhehi [instrumental, plural], dukkhebhi [instrumental, plural], dukkhassa [dative, singular], dukkhāya [dative, singular], dukkhatthaṃ [dative, singular], dukkhānaṃ [dative, plural], dukkhasmā [ablative, singular], dukkhamhā [ablative, singular], dukkhā [ablative, singular], dukkhehi [ablative, plural], dukkhebhi [ablative, plural], dukkhassa [genitive, singular], dukkhānaṃ [genitive, plural], dukkhasmiṃ [locative, singular], dukkhamhi [locative, singular], dukkhe [locative, singular], dukkhesu [locative, plural], dukkha [singular, vocative], dukkhāni [plural, vocative]
  1. (Buddhism) suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction Tags: neuter Categories (topical): Buddhism
    Sense id: en-dukkha-pi-noun-zGPKIi0g Categories (other): Pali entries with incorrect language header Topics: Buddhism, lifestyle, religion Synonyms: 𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 [Brahmi, character], दुक्ख [Devanagari, character], দুক্খ [Bengali], දුක්ඛ [Sinhalese, character], ဒုက္ခ, ၻုၵ္ၶ, ၻုၵ်ၶ [Burmese, character], ทุกฺข, ทุกขะ [Thai, character], ᨴᩩᨠ᩠ᨡ [Tai-Tham, character], ທຸກ຺ຂ, ທຸກຂະ [Lao, character], ទុក្ខ [Khmer, character], 𑄘𑄪𑄇𑄴𑄈 [Chakma, character]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for dukkha meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "dukkha"
      },
      "expansion": "Transliteration of Pali dukkha",
      "name": "translit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Transliteration of Pali dukkha.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dukkhas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "dukkha (countable and uncountable, plural dukkhas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "en:Buddhism",
          "parents": [
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence."
      ],
      "id": "en-dukkha-en-noun-b4W46yDe",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "three marks of existence",
          "three marks of existence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "dukkho",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "দুঃখ"
        },
        {
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "dukhka.",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "ဒုက္ခ"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "kǔ",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "苦"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "tyydyttämättömyys"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "dukkha"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dukkha"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "duḥkh",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "दुःख"
        },
        {
          "alt": "く",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ku",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "苦"
        },
        {
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "tuk",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "ទុក្ខ"
        },
        {
          "alt": "苦",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "go",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "고"
        },
        {
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "thuk",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "ທຸກ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "duka"
        },
        {
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "duḥkha",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "दुःख"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "zovlon",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "зовлон"
        },
        {
          "code": "pi",
          "lang": "Pali",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "dukkha"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dúkkxa",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ду́ккха"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dúxkxa",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ду́хкха"
        },
        {
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "duḥkha",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "दुःख"
        },
        {
          "code": "shn",
          "lang": "Shan",
          "roman": "tṵ̂k khâ̰a",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "တုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ"
        },
        {
          "code": "si",
          "lang": "Sinhalese",
          "roman": "dukkha",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "දුක්ඛ"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "túk",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "ทุกข์"
        },
        {
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "sdug bsngal",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "སྡུག་བསྔལ"
        },
        {
          "alt": "苦",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "suffering",
          "word": "khổ"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "dukkha"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdʊkə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dukkha"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "duka",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: duka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: duka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "ဒုက္ခ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dukkha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dukkha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dukkha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "ทุกข์",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "ទុក្ខ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "dukhâ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: dukhâ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: dukhâ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "neuter",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pi-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhehi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhebhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhassa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhatthaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhasmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhamhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhehi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhebhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhassa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhasmiṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhamhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "dukkha n",
      "name": "pi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "name": "pi-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pi",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "pi:Buddhism",
          "parents": [
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction"
      ],
      "id": "en-dukkha-pi-noun-zGPKIi0g",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "discontent",
          "discontent"
        ],
        [
          "dissatisfaction",
          "dissatisfaction"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brahmi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Devanagari",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "दुक्ख"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Bengali"
          ],
          "word": "দুক্খ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sinhalese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "දුක්ඛ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ဒုက္ခ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ၻုၵ္ၶ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Burmese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ၻုၵ်ၶ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ทุกฺข"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Thai",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ทุกขะ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tai-Tham",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ᨴᩩᨠ᩠ᨡ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ທຸກ຺ຂ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Lao",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ທຸກຂະ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Khmer",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ទុក្ខ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Chakma",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑄘𑄪𑄇𑄴𑄈"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dukkha"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "dukkha"
      },
      "expansion": "Transliteration of Pali dukkha",
      "name": "translit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Transliteration of Pali dukkha.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dukkhas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "dukkha (countable and uncountable, plural dukkhas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 2-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Pali",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English transliterations of Pali terms",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "three marks of existence",
          "three marks of existence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "dukkha"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdʊkə/"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "dukkho",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "dukhka.",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "ဒုက္ခ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "kǔ",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "苦"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "tyydyttämättömyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "dukkha"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dukkha"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "दुःख"
    },
    {
      "alt": "く",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ku",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "苦"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "tuk",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "ទុក្ខ"
    },
    {
      "alt": "苦",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "go",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "고"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "thuk",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "ທຸກ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "duka"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "duḥkha",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "दुःख"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "zovlon",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "зовлон"
    },
    {
      "code": "pi",
      "lang": "Pali",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "dukkha"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dúkkxa",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ду́ккха"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dúxkxa",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ду́хкха"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "duḥkha",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "दुःख"
    },
    {
      "code": "shn",
      "lang": "Shan",
      "roman": "tṵ̂k khâ̰a",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "တုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ"
    },
    {
      "code": "si",
      "lang": "Sinhalese",
      "roman": "dukkha",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "දුක්ඛ"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "túk",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "ทุกข์"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "sdug bsngal",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "སྡུག་བསྔལ"
    },
    {
      "alt": "苦",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "suffering",
      "word": "khổ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dukkha"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "duka",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: duka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: duka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "ဒုက္ခ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "dukkha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: dukkha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: dukkha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "ทุกข์",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "ទុក្ខ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "dukhâ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: dukhâ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: dukhâ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "neuter",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pi-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhehi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhebhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhassa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhatthaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhasmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhamhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhehi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhebhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhassa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhasmiṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhamhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dukkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "dukkha n",
      "name": "pi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "name": "pi-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Pali lemmas",
        "Pali neuter nouns",
        "Pali nouns",
        "Pali nouns in Latin script",
        "Pali terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "pi:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "discontent",
          "discontent"
        ],
        [
          "dissatisfaction",
          "dissatisfaction"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "दुक्ख"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "দুক্খ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "දුක්ඛ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ဒုက္ခ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ၻုၵ္ၶ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ၻုၵ်ၶ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ทุกฺข"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ทุกขะ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tai-Tham",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᨴᩩᨠ᩠ᨡ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ທຸກ຺ຂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ທຸກຂະ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ទុក្ខ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chakma",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑄘𑄪𑄇𑄴𑄈"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dukkha"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Nominative (first)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Accusative (second)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Instrumental (third)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Dative (fourth)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Ablative (fifth)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Genitive (sixth)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Locative (seventh)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Vocative (calling)",
  "path": [
    "dukkha"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "dukkha",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.